Critique of the article "Recitation [Tilawat]" in Leiden Encyclopedia of Qur’an

"Recitation [Tilawat]" is one of the most detailed entries in Leiden's encyclopedia and includes the following topics: meaning and definition of recitation [Tilawat], similarity of Tilawat and Qira’t, elements of recitation [Tilawat], hadiths about recitation [Tilawat], aesthetics and sound skills in recitation [Tilawat]. The research method in this article is documental and analytical. Based on this fact, first a comprehensive report on the categories mentioned in this entry is presented, then these materials are evaluated and critiqued with the criteria of the Holy Qur’an and sources of Qur’anic sciences in order to introduce and explain the correct theory in each subject. In general, Tilawat is not just a Qira’t of verses, but in addition, it indicates obedience and following the Qur'anic themes; On the other hand, one of the aspects of the expressive miracle of the Qur'an is the order of the song and the specific music in the Qur'anic words that paying attention to this music along with applying the rules of recitation [Tilawat] by the reciter doubles the influence of verses on audience and listener. In other words, if the Qira’t is accompanied by the element of Tartil, which means explaining and coherence of words and learning from the verses, the recitation [Tilawat] is achieved, and it is in this case that the Tali of the Qur'an, according to Islamic narrations, carries the Qur'an and will be a role-model on the base Islamic - Qur’anic cultural criterion for the people of that society.