A study and critique of the views of contemporary orientalists regarding the moral principles of the Prophet of Islam in confronting the enemy, relying on Quranic teachings.

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Professor of the higher levels of the seminary

10.22034/jqopv.2025.10384

Abstract

The moral character of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) in dealing with enemies, as a manifestation of Quranic teachings, has always been one of the central topics in Islamic and Orientalist studies. Despite the high position of this character in the moral system of Islam, the analyses of contemporary Orientalists have often distanced themselves from its revealed logic under the influence of secular, political, or tribal frameworks. This research aims to systematically criticize the views of Orientalists on the moral principles of the Prophet (PBUH) in dealing with enemies, and to conduct a comparative study of these views with Quranic principles. The key question of the research is whether the analyses of contemporary Orientalists on the Prophet's character are consistent with Quranic principles? Using qualitative content analysis and a comparative approach, this study has extracted the principles of mercy, forgiveness, justice, and pacifism from the verses of the Holy Quran and authoritative commentaries, and has criticized the views of orientalists such as Montgomery Watt, Karen Armstrong, John Esposito, Wilfred Madelong, Bernard Lewis, Michael Cook, Anne Marie Schimmel, Fred Danner, and Maxim Rodenson within this framework. The findings of the research show: The Holy Qur'an with verses such as "And we did not send you except mercy for the worlds" (Prophets/107), "Fasfah al-Safah Al-Jamail" (Hajr/85), "Wala Yajrimannekum" Shananu qaumٍ على الا اللا تعدلوا" (Maidah/8) and "Wan Janahwa Lalssalm Fajnah Lahaa" (Anfal/61), draws a coherent system of the principles of mercy,

Keywords

The Qur’an from Orientalists Point of View

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 23 June 2025

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  • Receive Date: 23 June 2025
  • Accept Date: 23 June 2025

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